视觉冲击：庆祝“哈勃”17年船底座星云全景图

夜猫子

转自牧夫：http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-67126-1-1.html


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In celebration of the 17th anniversary of the launch and deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers is released one of the largest panoramic images ever taken with Hubble's cameras -- a 50-light-year-wide view of the central region of the Carina Nebula where a maelstrom of star birth is taking place.
为庆祝“哈勃”空间望远镜发射及部署17周年，一组天文学家发布了“哈勃”曾拍摄的最大的一幅全景图——船底座星云中心跨越50光年的一片大规模恒星诞生处。



该图片是由“哈勃”空间望远镜的高级巡天相机拍摄的48幅拼接而成。“哈勃”图像采自中性氢的光。加入的色彩信息来自智利的塞洛托洛洛中美洲天文台。红色对应硫，绿色是氢，蓝色是氧发出的。
感谢：NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)



The fantasy-like landscape of the nebula is sculpted by the action of outflowing winds and scorching ultraviolet radiation from the monster stars that inhabit this inferno. In the process, these stars are shredding the surrounding material that is the last vestige of the giant cloud from which the stars were born.
这犹如梦幻般的景象是来自栖身于这片地狱的巨星涌出的星风和炽热的紫外线辐射所雕刻出。在这一过程中，这些恒星撕扯着在其诞生处周围剩余的星云物质。

Hubble's view of the nebula shows star birth in a new level of detail. The immense nebula contains at least a dozen brilliant stars that are roughly estimated to be at least 50 to 100 times the mass of our Sun.
“哈勃”对该星云的观察将恒星的诞生细节提到了新的水平。这片巨大的星云包含了至少十几个明亮的恒星，粗略估计它们的质量都至少是50-100倍太阳质量。

The most unique and opulent inhabitant is the star Eta Carinae, at far left. Eta Carinae is in the final stages of its brief and eruptive lifespan, as evidenced by two billowing lobes of gas and dust that presage its upcoming explosion as a titanic supernova.
最特别、最华丽的居民就是船底座 Eta 星，靠近左边。船底座 Eta 处在其短暂而爆发性生命的末期，，正如两处翻滚的气体和尘埃圆形凸起所预示它即将爆发成为超新星。

The fireworks in the Carina region started three million years ago when the nebula's first generation of newborn stars condensed and ignited in the middle of a huge cloud of cold molecular hydrogen. Radiation from these stars carved out an expanding bubble of hot gas. The island-like clumps of dark clouds scattered across the nebula are nodules of dust and gas that are resisting being eaten away by photoionization.
船底座区域中的焰火起始于300万年前星云首批诞生的新生恒星在一片寒冷巨大的氢分子云中受压缩并被点燃。从这些恒星发出的辐射雕刻出了一个膨胀的热汽泡。散布在星云中孤岛样的块状冷云是正在经受光电离吞噬的气体和尘埃节。

The hurricane blast of stellar winds and blistering ultraviolet radiation within the cavity is now compressing the surrounding walls of cold hydrogen. This is triggering a second stage of new star formation.
空穴中星风的击波和炽热的紫外线辐射正在压缩周围冷氢气形成的墙。由此触发了第二阶段新恒星的形成。

Our Sun and our solar system may have been born inside such a cosmic crucible 4.6 billion years ago. In looking at the Carina Nebula we are seeing the genesis of star making as it commonly occurs along the dense spiral arms of a galaxy.
我们的太阳和太阳系或许就是46亿年前在这样的宇宙熔炉中诞生的。通过对船底座星云的观察，我们看到了通常沿银河密集的旋臂所诞生恒星的起源。

The immense nebula is an estimated 7,500 light-years away in the southern constellation Carina the Keel (of the old southern constellation Argo Navis, the ship of Jason and the Argonauts, from Greek mythology).
这片巨大的星云位于南天星座船底座的龙骨处，估计距离7500光年。


[ 本帖最后由 夜猫子 于 2007-5-23 21:20 编辑 ]

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ABOUT THIS IMAGE:
关于该图：
This Hubble Space Telescope view of the central region of the Carina Nebula reveals a violent maelstrom of star birth. The fantasy-like landscape of the nebula is sculpted by the intense pressure of starlight from monster stars and their accompanying star clusters, as well as the hydrodynamics of their stellar winds of charged particles.
此次“哈勃”空间望远镜对船底座星云中心区域的观察展现了一场狂暴的恒星诞生风潮。这梦幻般的景象是由巨星及其伴生星协发出的强烈光压，以及其带电粒子的星风产生的流体力学所塑造出的。

[Top] — An approximately one-light-year tall "pillar" of cold hydrogen towers above the wall of the molecular cloud. The 2.5-million-year-old star cluster called Trumpler 14 appears at the right side of the image. A small nugget of cold molecular hydrogen, called a Bok globule, is silhouetted against the star cluster.
顶部——一个大约一光年高的冷氢“塔柱”处在分子云墙的上面。年龄为250万年的星团 Trumple 14 处在图像的右边。一种叫“博克球状体”（Bok globule）的冷分子氢“小金块儿”形成逆着星团的剪影。

[Center] — A Bok globule nicknamed the "caterpillar" appears at the right. Its glowing edge indicates that it is being photoionized by the hottest stars in the cluster. It has been hypothesized that stars may form inside such dusty cocoons. The top of the Keyhole Nebula, the most prominent feature embedded inside Carina, is on the left. Another Bok globule is in the foreground.
中间——一个叫“毛虫”的博克球状体在右边。它增长中的边缘预示其正被星群中最炽热的恒星光致电离。据猜测恒星可能形成在这样充满尘埃的茧中。深植在船底座星云内部最显著的特征“锁眼”星云的顶端位于图像左侧。另一个博克球状体在它的前面。

[Bottom] — These great clouds of cold hydrogen resemble summer afternoon thunderheads. They tower above the surface of a molecular cloud on the edge of the nebula. So-called "elephant trunk" pillars resist being heated and eaten away by blistering ultraviolet radiation from the nebula's brightest stars.
底部——这些壮丽的冷氢气云颇似夏日午后的积雨云。它们耸立在星云边缘一块分子云的表面上，被称为“象鼻”的柱状体承受着来自星云最明亮恒星的炽热紫外线辐射的加热和吞噬。

[ 本帖最后由 夜猫子 于 2007-5-23 21:22 编辑 ]

夜猫子

[Left] — A towering "mountain" of cold hydrogen gas laced with dust is the site of new star formation in the Carina Nebula. The great gas pillar is being eroded by the ultraviolet radiation from the hottest newborn stars in the nebula.
左图——一个饰有尘埃花边高耸的冷氢气“山脉”正是船底座星云中新恒星诞生地。壮丽的气体柱正被星云中新生的炽热恒星发出的紫外线所侵蚀。

[Right] — A close-up look at the peak of one of these "pillars of creation" reveals unequivocal evidence that stars are being born inside the columns. A pencil-like streamer of gas shoots out in both directions from the pillar and plows into surrounding gas like a fire hose hitting a wall of sand. The jet is being launched from a newly forming star hidden inside the column. A similar jet appears near the bottom of the image. These stellar jets are a common signature of the birth of a new star.
其中一个“创生柱”的特写，展示了恒星正在该拄体内诞生毫无疑问的证据。一个铅笔状的气体流从柱体两端射出一头扎入周围的气体中，就像用消防水龙喷一堵沙墙。喷流是从隐藏在柱状体内部的一颗新生恒星射出的，在图片靠近底部处有一个相似的喷流。这种恒星喷流是新恒星诞生共同的信号。

夜猫子

The tadpole-looking feature in the center of this image is a nodule of cold hydrogen gas laced with dust. The image offers circumstantial evidence that a young star is being born inside the placental cloud. The diagonal feature may be caused by twin jets of gas blasting away from the hidden star. They are slamming into neighboring gas to create a pair of bow shocks on either side of the globule. The twisted "tail" on the back of the globule may be evidence for a wobbling jet of material being blasted from the suspected star.
在图像中心蝌蚪状的结构是一个混和尘埃的冷氢云。该图片提供了一颗年轻恒星正从胚胎云中诞生的旁证。对角线状的结构可能是从隐藏恒星吹出的孪生气体喷流造成的。它们撞进周围的气体在球状体两边制造了一对弓形击波。在球状体身后那条扭曲的“尾巴”可能是从被怀疑的恒星刮出的一条物质摆动喷流的证明。

夜猫子

An approximately one-light-year tall "pillar" of cold hydrogen towers above the wall of the molecular cloud. The 2.5-million-year-old star cluster called Trumpler 14 appears at the right side of the image. A small nugget of cold molecular hydrogen, called a Bok globule, is silhouetted against the star cluster.
从分子云墙上耸立出来的一个大约1光年高的冷氢气柱。被称作 Trumpler 14 的年龄为250万年的星团位于图像的右边。一个叫“博克球状体”的冷氢“小金块”逆着该星团形成剪影。


A Bok globule nicknamed the "caterpillar" appears at the right. Its glowing edge indicates that it is being photoionized by the hottest stars in the cluster. It has been hypothesized that stars may form inside such dusty cocoons. The top of the Keyhole Nebula, the most prominent feature embedded inside Carina, is on the left. Another Bok globule is in the foreground.
一个绰号“毛虫”的博克球状体在右边。它增长中的边界显示其正被星团中的热星光致电离。根据假设恒星可能正是从这种充满灰尘的茧中形成的。深植于船底座中最显著的结构“锁眼”星云的顶部处在左边。另一个博克球状体位于其前方。

These great clouds of cold hydrogen resemble summer afternoon thunderheads. They tower above the surface of a molecular cloud on the edge of the nebula. So-called "elephant trunk" pillars resist being heated and eaten away by blistering ultraviolet radiation from the nebula's brightest stars.
这些壮丽的冷氢云颇似夏日午后的积雨云。它们从星云底部的一片分子云表面耸立而出。称作“象鼻”的柱状体正承受着来自星云明亮恒星所发出的炽热紫外线的加热和侵蚀。

夜猫子

This labeled image identifies some of the significant features in the Carina Nebula region. The rectangles outline the details in the accompanying photographs. Several of the brightest stars are identified by their catalog numbers (CPD=Cape Observatory Photographic Durchmusterung, HD, HDE=Henry Draper Catalog), among the hottest, heaviest stars known. The brighter stars outside of the compact cluster Trumpler 14 belong to another larger cluster, Trumpler 16, which also includes the peculiar star Eta Carinae. Several of these are multiple systems: HD 93129 includes three stars. HD 93160 and HD 39161 are a binary system and HD 93161 is itelf binary.
这张有标注的图片标明了船底座星云区域内的一些主要结构。长方框勾出了细节照片的位置。一些最明亮的恒星被标出了目录号(CPD=Cape Observatory Photographic Durchmusterung, HD, HDE=Henry Draper Catalog)，跻身于已知最热、最重的恒星之列。在紧凑的 Trumler 14 星团之外比较明亮的恒星属于另一个较大的星团 Trumpler 16，罕见的船底座 Eta 星也在其中。它们中的一些是多重系统：HD 93129 包含3颗恒星， HD 93160 和 HD 93161（貌似作者把93161写成39161了） 一对二重系统，并且 HD 93161 自身也是双星。

夜猫子

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[ 本帖最后由 夜猫子 于 2007-5-23 21:22 编辑 ]

b777200

精彩的哈勃！壮观的恒星摇篮！

chinastar

真是太壮观了,谢谢猫兄提供的照片哟

夜猫子

还有一张：点击放大观看！